\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668<\/em><\/h4>\n\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u3002\u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u90fd\u9760\u5b83\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53eb\u7b97\u6570\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143\uff08ALU<\/strong>, Arithmetic Logic Unit\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cALU\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6574\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u6682\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5c0f\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u5355\u5143<\/strong>\uff08Float Point Unit\uff0c\u5373FPU<\/strong>\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/em><\/h4>\n\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u8bd1\u7801\u5668\u7b49\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u5757\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u82af\u7247\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/strong>\uff08Central Processing Unit, \u5373CPU\uff09<\/p>\n\u50a8\u5b58\u5668<\/em><\/h4>\n\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\u4e0d\u7528\u591a\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u5185\u90e8\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u50a8\u5b58\u5668<\/p>\n
\u5185\u90e8\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\uff09\u662f\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u90e8\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684<\/p>\n
\u5185\u90e8\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\u53c8\u6839\u636e\u6027\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u201c\uff0c\u4e00\u662f \u53ea\u8bfb\u5b58\u50a8\u5668ROM<\/strong>\uff08Read-Only Memory<\/span> \uff09\u201d\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u201c\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\u5b58\u50a8\u5668RAM<\/strong>\uff08Random-Access Memory\uff09\u201d<\/p>\nRAM\u4e5f\u53eb\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u7684ram\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u6761\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
![\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u6761\"](\"https:\/\/yangwang.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/17-06-34-722.jpg\")
<\/a>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u6761 By No machine-readable author provided. Cyberdex assumed (based on copyright claims). – No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public Domain, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=647267<\/p><\/div>\n
\u5b83\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0ccpu\u4f1a\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7531cpu\u6267\u884c\u3002\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff09RAM\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65ad\u7535\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5dee\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5c31\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u505c\u7535\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u676f\u5177\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u521a\u624d\u5199\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u4f60\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u50a8\u5b58\u5728RAM\u4e2d\uff0c\u65ad\u7535\u4e4b\u540e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u6ca1\u4e86\u3002\u597d\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5988\u5988\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u62c5\u5fc3\u6211\u5199\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86 \ud83d\ude00<\/p>\n\u50a8\u5b58\u5728ROM\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f7b\u6613\u4e22\u5931\uff08\u718a\u5b69\u5b50\u9664\u5916\uff09\u3002\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u7684read-only\u7ed9\u9a97\u4e86\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u6700\u521d\u5b83\u662f\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u53ea\u8bfb\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u64e6\u5199\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f88\u5f62\u8c61\uff09\u7684ROM\u65e9\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u5343\u5bb6\u4e07\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5757\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3b\u677f\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aBIOS\u50a8\u5b58\u82af\u7247\uff0cBIOS\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u5728\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8c08\u5230\uff09<\/p>\n
![\"bios\"](\"https:\/\/yangwang.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/17-37-59-952-1024x576.jpg\")
<\/a>\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ea2\u5708\u5708\u4f4f\u7684\u82af\u7247\u5373\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u50a8\u5b58BIOS\u7684\u82af\u7247<\/p><\/div>\n
\u6700\u521dbios\u662f\u50a8\u5b58\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u82af\u7247\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u662f\u50a8\u5b58\u4e8eEEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)\uff0c\u5373\u7535\u53ef\u64e6\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ea\u8bfb\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff08\u8fd9\u540d\u5b57\u771f\u957f\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u82af\u7247\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6765\u64e6\u9664\u7684<\/p>\n
\u800c\u5916\u90e8\u50a8\u5b58\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u4e86\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u786c\u76d8\uff0cU\u76d8\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u50a8\u5b58\u5668<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907<\/em><\/h4>\n\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\uff08input\uff09\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\uff08output\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684IO\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u5f80\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u3001\u8bdd\u7b52\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6709\u5c4f\u5e55\u3001\u626c\u58f0\u5668\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7b49\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u89e6\u6478\u5c4f\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u6765\u8c08\u4e00\u8c08\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u80fd\u4f60\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f00\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u201cboot\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6bd4\u8f83\u51b2\u52a8\u7684\u53bb\u67e5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u672c\u6765\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u9774\u5b50\u3002\u3002\u3002\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9774\u5b50<\/p>\n
\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684boot\u662fbootstrap\uff08\u978b\u5e26\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5b83\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u53e5\u8c1a\u8bed\uff1a
\n\u201cpull oneself up by one’s bootstraps\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u62fd\u7740\u978b\u5e26\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u62c9\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u521a\u521a\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u662f\u7070\u5e38\u7ea0\u7ed3\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u4e86\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u4eceRAM\u91cc\u5934\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u800cRAM\u53c8\u6709\u6389\u7535\u4e22\u5931\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u6b21\u5f00\u673a\uff0cram\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64CPU\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u624d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u542f\u52a8\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff01<\/p>\n
\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u9700\u8981\u60f3\u5c3d\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88c5\u5165RAM\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u624d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u62c9\u978b\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u4e45\u800c\u4e45\u4e4b\u5c31\u53eb\u201cboot\u201d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86ROM\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5f00\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u5728ROM\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u6b21\u5f00\u673a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u4eceROM\u91cc\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5f00\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5757\u82af\u7247\u91cc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53eb\u505a\u201d\u57fa\u672c\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff08Basic Input\/Output System\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aBIOS\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f60\u6309\u4e0b\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\uff0c\u7535\u6e90\u5411\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f9b\u7535\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u5ea6\u53bb\u5ea6\u91cfcpu\u7684\u4f9b\u7535\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u52a0\u5728cpu\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u538b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u7684\uff08\u5176\u5b83\u82af\u7247\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba9cpu\u4ecerom\u82af\u7247\u5185\u53d6\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8erom\u82af\u7247\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7535\u538b\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4cpu\u8fd0\u884c\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e3b\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u82af\u7247\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5411cpu\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505aRESET\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0ccpu\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u4fe1\u53f7\u4fbf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f80\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f4\u5230\u4e3b\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u82af\u7247\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4f9b\u7535\u5df2\u7ecf\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62RESET\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86RESET\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0ccpu\u5c31\u50cf\u653e\u5b66\u4e86\u7684\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5174\u5174\u7684\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u53d6\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u4e86\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u4f1a\u6b63\u597d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u677f\u4e0a\u50a8\u5b58BIOS\u7684EEPROM\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\uff09<\/p>\n
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Cyberdex assumed (based on copyright claims). – No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public Domain, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=647267<\/p><\/div>\n 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\u50a8\u5b58\u5668<\/em><\/h4>\n
<\/a><\/a>\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907<\/em><\/h4>\n
\n
\n\u201cpull oneself up by one’s bootstraps\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u62fd\u7740\u978b\u5e26\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u62c9\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u521a\u521a\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u662f\u7070\u5e38\u7ea0\u7ed3\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u4e86\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u4eceRAM\u91cc\u5934\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u800cRAM\u53c8\u6709\u6389\u7535\u4e22\u5931\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u6b21\u5f00\u673a\uff0cram\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64CPU\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n